How To Find The Amount Of Electrons In An Element
Atomic construction
Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells. The number of subatomic particles in an cantlet can exist calculated from the cantlet's atomic number and mass number.
Atomic number and mass number
Atomic number
The number of protons in an atom of an chemical element is its diminutive number . Think that:
- all atoms of a given element have the same number of protons
- atoms of dissimilar elements take different numbers of protons
An cantlet contains equal numbers of protons and electrons . Since protons and electrons have equal and opposite charges, this means that atoms are have no overall electrical charge.
For example, the atomic number of sodium is eleven. Every sodium atom has 11 protons and eleven electrons. Information technology has 11 positive charges and 11 negative charges.
Mass number
Atoms of different elements usually have different mass numbers , but they can be the same. For instance, the mass number of argon atoms and calcium atoms can both exist xl.
Calculating numbers of subatomic particles
The symbol for an atom can exist written to show its mass number at the height, and its atomic number at the bottom.
To summate the numbers of subatomic particles in an cantlet, utilize its atomic number and mass number:
- number of protons = diminutive number
- number of electrons = atomic number
- number of neutrons = mass number - diminutive number
- Question
-
The diminutive number of a sodium atom is xi and its mass number is 23. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons it contains.
-
Number of protons = 11
Number of electrons = 11
Number of neutrons (mass number - atomic number) = 23 - 11 = 12
Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3sg2nb/revision/4#:~:text=To%20calculate%20the%20numbers%20of,number%20of%20electrons%20%3D%20atomic%20number
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